Keeping Food Safe During an Emergency
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Did you know that a flood, fire, national disaster, or the loss of power from high winds, snow, or ice could jeopardize the safety of your food? Knowing how to determine if food is safe and how to keep food safe will help minimize the potential loss of food and reduce the risk of foodborne illness. This fact sheet will help you make the right decisions for keeping your family safe during an emergency. ABCD's of Keeping Food Safe in an Emergency Always keep meat, poultry, fish, and eggs refrigerated at or below 40 °F and frozen food at or below 0 °F. This may be difficult when the power is out. Keep the refrigerator and freezer doors closed as much as possible to maintain the cold temperature. The refrigerator will keep food safely cold for about 4 hours if it is unopened. A full freezer will hold the temperature for approximately 48 hours (24 hours if it is half full) if the door remains closed. Obtain dry or block ice to keep your refrigerator as cold as possible if the power is going to be out for a prolonged period of time. Fifty pounds of dry ice should hold an 18-cubic foot full freezer for 2 days. Plan ahead and know where dry ice and block ice can be purchased. Be prepared for an emergency... ... by having items on hand that don't require refrigeration and can be eaten cold or heated on the outdoor grill. Shelf-stable food, boxed or canned milk, water, and canned goods should be part of a planned emergency food supply. Make sure you have ready-to-use baby formula for infants and pet food. Remember to use these items and replace them from time to time. Be sure to keep a hand-held can opener for an emergency. Consider what you can do ahead of time to store your food safely in an emergency. If you live in a location that could be affected by a flood, plan your food storage on shelves that will be safely out of the way of contaminated water. Coolers are a great help for keeping food cold if the power will be out for more than 4 hours—have a couple on hand along with frozen gel packs. When your freezer is not full, keep items close together—this helps the food stay cold longer. Digital, dial, or instant-read food thermometers and appliance thermometers will help you know if the food is at safe temperatures. Keep appliance thermometers in the refrigerator and freezer at all times. When the power is out, an appliance thermometer will always indicate the temperature in the refrigerator and freezer no matter how long the power has been out. The refrigerator temperature should be 40 °F or below; the freezer, 0 °F or lower. If you're not sure a particular food is cold enough, take its temperature with a food thermometer.
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Frequently Asked Questions:
| Q. |
Flood waters covered our food stored on shelves and in cabinets. What can I keep and what should I throw out? |
| A. |
Do not eat any food that may have come into contact with flood water.
- Discard any food that is not in a waterproof container if there is any chance that it has come into contact with flood water. Food containers that are not waterproof include those with screw-caps, snap lids, pull tops, and crimped caps. Also, discard cardboard juice/milk/baby formula boxes and home canned foods if they have come in contact with flood water, because they cannot be effectively cleaned and sanitized.
- Inspect canned foods and discard any food in damaged cans. Can damage is shown by swelling, leakage, punctures, holes, fractures, extensive deep rusting, or crushing/denting severe enough to prevent normal stacking or opening with a manual, wheel-type can opener.
Steps to Salvage All-Metal Cans and Retort Pouches Undamaged, commercially prepared foods in all-metal cans and retort pouches (for example, flexible, shelf-stable juice or seafood pouches) can be saved if you do the following:
- Remove the labels, if they are the removable kind, since they can harbor dirt and bacteria.
- Thoroughly wash the cans or retort pouches with soap and water, using hot water if it is available.
- Brush or wipe away any dirt or silt.
- Rinse the cans or retort pouches with water that is safe for drinking, if available, since dirt or residual soap will reduce the effectiveness of chlorine sanitation.
- Then, sanitize them by immersion in one of the two following ways:
- Place in water and allow the water to come to a boil and continue boiling for 2 minutes, or
- Place in a freshly made solution consisting of 1 tablespoon of unscented, liquid chlorine bleach per gallon of drinking water (or the cleanest, clearest water available) for 15 minutes.
- Air-dry cans or retort pouches for a minimum of 1 hour before opening or storing.
- If the labels were removable, then re-label your cans or retort pouches, including the expiration date (if available), with a marker.
- Food in reconditioned cans or retort pouches should be used as soon as possible, thereafter.
- Any concentrated baby formula in reconditioned, all-metal containers must be diluted with clean, drinking water.
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| Q. |
How should I clean my pots, pans, dishes, and utensils? |
| A. |
Thoroughly wash metal pans, ceramic dishes, and utensils (including can openers) with soap and water, using hot water if available. Rinse and then sanitize them by boiling in clean water or immersing them for 15 minutes in a solution of 1 tablespoon of unscented, liquid chlorine bleach per gallon of drinking water (or the cleanest, clearest water available). |
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| Q. |
How should I clean my countertops? |
| A. |
Thoroughly wash countertops with soap and water, using hot water if available. Rinse and then sanitize them by applying a solution of 1 tablespoon of unscented, liquid chlorine bleach per gallon of drinking water (or the cleanest, clearest water available). Allow to air-dry. |
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| Q. |
My home was flooded and I am worried about the safety of the drinking water. What should I do? |
| A. |
Use bottled water that has not been exposed to flood waters if it is available.
- If you don't have bottled water, you should boil water to make sure it is safe. Boiling water will kill most types of disease-causing organisms that may be present. If the water is cloudy, filter it through clean cloths or allow it to settle, and draw off the clear water for boiling. Boil the water for one minute, let it cool, and store it in clean containers with covers.
- If you can't boil water, you can disinfect it using household bleach. Bleach will kill some, but not all, types of disease-causing organisms that may be in the water. If the water is cloudy, filter it through clean cloths or allow it to settle, and draw off the clear water for disinfection. Add 1/8 teaspoon (or 8 drops) of regular, unscented, liquid household bleach for each gallon of water, stir it well and let it stand for 30 minutes before you use it. Store disinfected water in clean containers with covers.
- If you have a well that had been flooded, the water should be tested and disinfected after flood waters recede. If you suspect that your well may be contaminated, contact your local or state health department or agriculture extension agent for specific advice.
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| Q. |
We had a fire in our home and I am worried about what food I can keep and what to throw away. |
| A. |
Discard food that has been near a fire. Food exposed to fire can be damaged by the heat of the fire, smoke fumes, and chemicals used to fight the fire. Food in cans or jars may appear to be okay, but the heat from a fire can activate food spoilage bacteria. If the heat is extreme, the cans or jars themselves can split or rupture, rendering the food unsafe. One of the most dangerous elements of a fire is sometimes not the fire itself, but toxic fumes released from burning materials. Discard any raw food or food in permeable packaging—cardboard, plastic wrap, screw-topped jars, bottles, etc.—stored outside the refrigerator. Food stored in refrigerators or freezers can also become contaminated by fumes. The refrigerator seal isn't airtight and fumes can get inside. Chemicals used to fight the fire contain toxic materials and can contaminate food and cookware. Food that is exposed to chemicals should be thrown away—the chemicals cannot be washed off the food. This includes food stored at room temperature, such as fruits and vegetables, as well as food stored in permeable containers like cardboard and screw-topped jars and bottles. Cookware exposed to fire-fighting chemicals can be decontaminated by washing in soap and hot water. Then submerge for 15 minutes in a solution of 1 tablespoon unscented, liquid chlorine bleach per gallon of water. |
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| Q. |
A snowstorm knocked down the power lines, can I put the food from the refrigerator and freezer out in the snow? |
| A. |
No, frozen food can thaw if it is exposed to the sun's rays even when the temperature is very cold. Refrigerated food may become too warm and foodborne bacteria could grow. The outside temperature could vary hour by hour and the temperature outside will not protect refrigerated and frozen food. Additionally, perishable items could be exposed to unsanitary conditions or to animals. Animals may harbor bacteria or disease; never consume food that has come in contact with an animal. Rather than putting the food outside, consider taking advantage of the cold temperatures by making ice. Fill buckets, empty milk cartons or cans with water and leave them outside to freeze. Then put the homemade ice in your refrigerator, freezer, or coolers. |
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| Q. |
Some of my food in the freezer started to thaw or had thawed when the power came back on. Is the food safe? How long will the food in the refrigerator be safe with the power off? |
| A. |
Never taste food to determine its safety! You will have to evaluate each item separately. If an appliance thermometer was kept in the freezer, read the temperature when the power comes back on. If the appliance thermometer stored in the freezer reads 40 °F or below, the food is safe and may be refrozen. If a thermometer has not been kept in the freezer, check each package of food to determine the safety. Remember you cant rely on appearance or odor. If the food still contains ice crystals or is 40 °F or below, it is safe to refreeze. Refrigerated food should be safe as long as power is out no more than 4 hours. Keep the door closed as much as possible. Discard any perishable food (such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and leftovers) that have been above 40 °F for 2 hours. |
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| Q. |
May I refreeze the food in the freezer if it thawed or partially thawed? |
| A. |
Yes, the food may be safely refrozen if the food still contains ice crystals or is at 40 °F or below. You will have to evaluate each item separately. Be sure to discard any items in either the freezer or the refrigerator that have come into contact with raw meat juices. Partial thawing and refreezing may reduce the quality of some food, but the food will remain safe to eat. See the attached charts for specific recommendations. |
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Refrigerator Foods (Plesae note: as this is from the USDA non-kosher foods are listed here)
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| When to Save and When to Throw It Out |
| FOOD | Held above 40 °F for over 2 hours |
MEAT, POULTRY, SEAFOOD Raw or leftover cooked meat, poultry, fish, or seafood; soy meat substitutes |
Discard |
| Thawing meat or poultry |
Discard |
| Meat, tuna, shrimp,chicken, or egg salad |
Discard |
| Gravy, stuffing, broth |
Discard |
| Lunchmeats, hot dogs, sausage, dried beef |
Discard |
| Pizza, with any topping |
Discard |
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| Canned meats and fish, opened |
Discard |
CHEESE Soft Cheeses: blue/bleu, Roquefort, Brie, Camembert, cottage, cream, Edam, Monterey Jack, ricotta, mozzarella, Muenster, Neufchatel, queso blanco, queso fresco |
Discard |
| Hard Cheeses: Cheddar, Colby, Swiss, Parmesan, provolone, Romano |
Safe |
| Processed Cheeses |
Safe |
| Shredded Cheeses |
Discard |
| Low-fat Cheeses |
Discard |
| Grated Parmesan, Romano, or combination (in can or jar) |
Safe |
DAIRY Milk, cream, sour cream, buttermilk, evaporated milk, yogurt, eggnog, soy milk |
Discard |
| Butter, margarine |
Safe |
| Baby formula, opened |
Discard |
EGGS Fresh eggs, hard-cooked in shell, egg dishes, egg products |
Discard |
| Custards and puddings |
Discard |
| CASSEROLES, SOUPS, STEWS |
Discard |
FRUITS Fresh fruits, cut |
Discard |
| Fruit juices, opened |
Safe |
| Canned fruits, opened |
Safe |
| Fresh fruits, coconut, raisins, dried fruits, candied fruits, dates |
Safe |
SAUCES, SPREADS, JAMS Opened mayonnaise, tartar sauce, horseradish |
Discard if above 50 °F for over 8 hrs. |
| Peanut butter |
Safe |
| Jelly, relish, taco sauce, mustard, catsup, olives, pickles |
Safe |
| Worcestershire, soy, barbecue, Hoisin sauces |
Safe |
| Fish sauces (oyster sauce) |
Discard |
| Opened vinegar-based dressings |
Safe |
| Opened creamy-based dressings |
Discard |
| Spaghetti sauce, opened jar |
Discard |
BREAD, CAKES, COOKIES,PASTA, GRAINS Bread, rolls, cakes, muffins, quick breads, tortillas |
Safe |
| Refrigerator biscuits,rolls, cookie dough |
Discard |
| Cooked pasta, rice, potatoes |
Discard |
| Pasta salads with mayonnaise or vinaigrette |
Discard |
| Fresh pasta |
Discard |
| Cheesecake |
Discard |
| Breakfast foods—waffles, pancakes, bagels |
Safe |
PIES, PASTRY Pastries, cream filled |
Discard |
| Pies—custard,cheese filled, or chiffon; quiche |
Discard |
| Pies, fruit |
Safe |
VEGETABLES Fresh mushrooms, herbs, spices |
Safe |
| Greens, pre-cut, pre-washed, packaged |
Discard |
| Vegetables, raw |
Safe |
| Vegetables, cooked; tofu |
Discard |
| Vegetable juice, opened |
Discard |
| Baked potatoes |
Discard |
| Commercial garlic in oil |
Discard |
| Potato Salad |
Discard |
| When to Save and When To Throw It Out |
| FOOD | Still contains ice crystals and feels as cold as if refrigerated | Thawed. Held above 40 °F for over 2 hours |
MEAT, POULTRY, SEAFOOD Beef, veal, lamb, pork, and ground meats |
Refreeze |
Discard |
| Poultry and ground poultry |
Refreeze |
Discard |
| Variety meats (liver, kidney, heart, chitterlings) |
Refreeze |
Discard |
| Casseroles, stews, soups |
Refreeze |
Discard |
| Fish, shellfish, breaded seafood products |
Refreeze. However, there will be some texture and flavor loss. |
Discard |
DAIRY Milk |
Refreeze. May lose some texture. |
Discard |
| Eggs (out of shell) and egg products |
Refreeze |
Discard |
| Ice cream, frozen yogurt |
Discard |
Discard |
| Cheese (soft and semi-soft) |
Refreeze. May lose some texture. |
Discard |
| Hard cheeses |
Refreeze |
Refreeze |
| Shredded cheeses |
Refreeze |
Discard |
| Casseroles containing milk, cream, eggs, soft cheeses |
Refreeze |
Discard |
| Cheesecake |
Refreeze |
Discard |
FRUITS Juices |
Refreeze |
Refreeze. Discard if mold, yeasty smell, or sliminess develops. |
| Home or commercially packaged |
Refreeze. Will change texture and flavor. |
Refreeze. Discard if mold, yeasty smell, or sliminess develops. |
VEGETABLES Juices |
Refreeze |
Discard after held above 40 °F for 6 hours. |
| Home or commercially packaged or blanched |
Refreeze. May suffer texture and flavor loss. |
Discard after held above 40 °F for 6 hours. |
BREADS, PASTRIES Breads, rolls, muffins, cakes (without custard fillings) |
Refreeze |
Refreeze |
| Cakes, pies, pastries with custard or cheese filling |
Refreeze |
Discard |
| Pie crusts, commercial and homemade bread dough |
Refreeze. Some quality loss may occur. |
Refreeze. Quality loss is considerable. |
OTHER Casseroles—pasta, rice based |
Refreeze |
Discard |
| Flour, cornmeal, nuts |
Refreeze |
Refreeze |
| Breakfast items—waffles, pancakes, bagels |
Refreeze |
Refreeze |
| Frozen meal, entree, specialty items (pizza, sausage and biscuit, meat pie,convenience foods) |
Refreeze |
Discard |
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Baltimore, MD - Jan. 29, 2026 - A rapidly intensifying storm is forecast to strengthen into a bomb cyclone along the Atlantic Coast this weekend and could bring heavy snow, blizzard conditions and strong winds to parts of Maryland, according to the latest forecasts.
In an update released Thursday morning, AccuWeather forecasters said the storm is expected to develop in the Southeast on Friday, then rapidly strengthen along the Atlantic Coast into a bomb cyclone by Saturday.
As it intensifies, forecasters said snow coverage and wind speeds will increase from the Southeast to the Northeast coast.
"People need to prepare for the possibility of dangerous blizzard conditions in some coastal areas from North Carolina to the southern Jersey shore," AccuWeather senior meteorologist Sc...
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Baltimore, MD - Jan. 28, 2026: “Eshes Chayil – Mi Yimtza”
With broken and anguished hearts, we announce the passing, B’sayva Tova, of our beloved mother and grandmother, who established generations of upright and blessed descendants.
For more than sixty years, until an advanced age, she taught Jewish children and educated them in Torah and fear of Heaven at the Talmudical Academy of Baltimore, with devotion and great love—for her family and for her students.
She devoted herself to the Torah of her husband, our father of blessed memory, and to his students, particularly during the years he served as a Rebbe at Yeshivas Ner Yisrael in Baltimore, in the early period of Torah’s flourishing in America.
Her fine character traits were renowned and prai...
Rosh Yeshivas Ner Yisrael, HaRav Aharon Feldman, shlita, was mechubad with Shlishi aboard a flight earlier today to Eretz Yisrael.
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Baltimore, MD – Jan. 26, 2025 – BJL regrets to inform the community of the petira of Mrs. Ellen Rubin, a"h, mother of Adam Rubin
The Levaya will be held at Levinson’s on Tuesday, Jan 27 at 9:30 am. Kevura will take palce at at Beth Jacob Anshe Veshear cemetery (next to the Agudah cemetery) 6300 Hamilton Avenu,e Rosedale, MD 21237Shiva will be observed at 6826 Navajo Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21209 The family respectfully requests no visitors from 10:30am-1:00pm, 5:45-7:30 PM, and after 9:00 PMShacharis: 6:30AM (Sunday: 8:00AM)Mincha/Maariv: 5:10PM (Erev Shabbos: 2:30PM)
בלע המות לנצח
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Crown Heights, NY - Jan. 28, 2026 - A vehicle rammed into one of the entrances of 770 Eastern Parkway, the Chabad-Lubavitch World Headquarters in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, on Wednesday evening, triggering a large emergency response.
NYPD, Shmira, and emergency crews arrived on scene as the building was evacuated and a crime scene established around 770. Video shared from the scene shows the driver repeatedly crashing into the shul’s double doors before being taken into custody by police. Authorities confirmed that there were no injuries.
Footage posted to social media also captured the moment of the suspect’s arrest. Crown Heights Shomrim reported that witnesses said the driver yelled for people to move as he drove into the building. Shomrim added that it is assisting the NYPD...
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יה"ר שיזכו לגדל בתם לתורה, לחופה, ולמעשים טובים. אמן!
On January 28, 2026, President Isaac Herzog delivered a eulogy at the funeral of police officer Staff Sergeant Ran Gvili, the last hostage to be returned home from Gaza.President Herzog’s remarks:“We stand here today at a sacred and heartbreaking moment, as our beloved hero, Rani, the last hostage, is finally laid to eternal rest in his homeland. This is the home he loved, the home he fought for together with his comrades, the home he went out to defend with supreme bravery and self-sacrifice on that bitter and fateful day. His home. Our home. I was deeply moved to hear your words here, dear and beloved Talik and Itzik, Omri, Sharon, and Shira.“At this moment, I ask, as President of the State of Israel, on behalf of the State of Israel, for your forgiveness. Forgiveness t...
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The conference was initiated by Minister of Diaspora Affairs and Combating Antisemitism Amichai Chikli and was widely attended by senior Israeli officials and dozens of international guests. Programming was designed for targeted audiences, including policymakers, academics, media professionals, and influencers, with an emphasis on gl...
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Baltimore County, MD – Jan. 28, 2026 - Many residents are reporting missed trash and recycling pickups following the recent snowstorm. According to the Department of Public Works & Transportation (DPWT), haulers are attempting collections as conditions allow, but hazardous roads and impassable alleys remain a major safety concern, meaning some areas may not receive service.
Residents are advised to put trash and recycling out if possible and to please remain patient as crews work through affected neighborhoods. If you have questions or believe your pickup was missed, you can contact Baltimore County at 410-887-2000.
Crews will continue making collections where it is safe to do so
Amazon confirmed on Wednesday morning that it would cut about 16,000 jobs as part of "additional organizational changes."
Beth Galetti, a senior vice president at the ecommerce company, said in an update on the organization that U.S.-based employees would be offered 90 days to look for a new internal role. Staff who are unable to find one at the company or who choose not to look into it will be provided transition support, including severance pay, outplacement services, health insurance benefits (as applicable), and more.
“While we’re making these changes, we’ll also continue hiring and investing in strategic areas and functions that are critical to our future,” Galetti said.
It is the latest round in reductions following job cuts in October when Amazon...
Baltimore, MD - Jan. 28, 2026 - Baltimore, it's cold out there! #BCHD Health Commissioner has extended the Code Blue Extreme Cold Alert until Feb. 1! In the coming days, we will have negative temps overnight, so please protect yourself - stay warm.
If you or someone you know needs a warm, safe place, help is available. Individuals seeking shelter should call the Baltimore City Shelter Hotline at 443-984-9540. If you need other assistance, call 311.
Extreme cold weather poses a serious risk to health and safety. Stay safe Baltimore and remember to check on others!
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The Federal Scholarship Tax Credit was passed by Congress and signed by President Trump on July 4, 2025, as part of the Working Families Tax Cuts Act. Starting in 2027, the FSTC allows individual taxpayers to contribute to a nonprofit scholarship granting organization (SGO) and receive a dollar-for-dollar tax credit worth up to $1700. The SGO then pools the funds and distributes scholarships to eligible students fo...
Chaverim of Baltimore Responds During SnowstormBaltimore, MD - Jan. 27, 2026 - During the recent snowstorm that created hazardous road conditions across Baltimore, Chaverim of Baltimore activated emergency mode to assist community members in need. Between Motzei Shabbos and 8:00 p.m. Tuesday, Chaverim received over 140 calls, reflecting the wide range of challenges people faced as the storm unfolded.
Each call was handled by trained dispatchers, who carefully vetted requests and coordinated responses with professionalism and sensitivity. Calls were addressed on a case-by-case basis, with safety and medical necessity guiding every decision.
Chaverim volunteers assisted by transporting medical professionals to hospitals, delivering medically necessary medications, and driving individu...
Baltimore City’s Emergency Declaration Remains In Effect as the Emergency Operations Center moves to Partial Activation,
Frigid Temperatures to Continue
Baltimore, MD - Jan. 27, 2026 - This evening, Mayor Brandon M. Scott issued the following update regarding snow accumulation, icy conditions, and freezing temperatures.
The State of Emergency declaration issued by Mayor Scott on Friday, January 23rd remains in effect.
The Emergency Operations Center (EOC) has moved to a partial activation posture with the operational agencies remaining to coordinate the continued response effort.
Operational Agencies Include: Office of Emergency Management (OEM), Department of Transportation (DOT), Department of Public Works (DPW), Department of Government Services (DGS), Baltimore ...
Baltimore, MD - Jan. 27, 2026:
Dear Residents,
As we continue to provide service in the wake of the recent snowstorm and forecasted freezing temperatures, the Baltimore City Department of Public Works (DPW) is making temporary adjustments to trash and recycling collection to keep essential services moving safely across the city.
Trash Service
Tuesday, January 27: Trash pickup is suspended and will be made up on Shabbos, January 31 (similar to a holiday schedule).
Wednesday–Shabbos (January 28–31): Trash collection resumes and will not occur in alleys.
What Residents Need to Do
Place trash cans at the end of the alley or in front of your home so crews can safely access them.
Please be mindful not to block alleyways.
Recycling ...
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